What happens when you increase the magnification?.Never focus with the coarse adjustment under high power. The material now should be in view and should require only slight focusing with the fine adjustment. To increase the magnification, be sure the area you wish to examine specifically is in the center of the field then, watching from the side to be sure that the objective clears the slide, turn the nose-piece until the next higher power objective clicks into position.Using the fine adjustment knob, obtain a sharp focus.If it does not, check to see that the material is centered on the stage, lower the stage, and try again. While looking through the ocular, use the coarse adjustment knob to slowly move the stage upward until the specimen comes into focus.Always start with the low power (4×) objective in place.Place the slide (coverslip up) on the stage and center the specimen over the opening in the stage.Get the slide labelled “Letter e” (Figure 4.6) from the slide box.This will avoid eye strain and headaches. Always use both eyes when you look at slides.Push the oculars slowly towards each other until you see one circle of light. You will see two non-overlapping regions of light. Move the oculars as far apart from each other as possible then look through them withīoth eyes open.Make sure that the low power objective is clicked into position.If the view through the microscope becomes blurred, additional cleaning with lens paper may be necessary. Do not use paper towels, Kimwipes®, or cloth as this will scratch the lenses. Clean all of the exposed lenses with special lens paper.This creates an enlarged image of the specimen. The objective collects light from the sample so that it comes to a focus inside the microscope tube. It is essentially a high-powered magnifying glass which is brought very close to the specimen being examined. The objective lens of a microscope (Figure 4.1) is a cylinder containing one or more lenses that are typically made of glass. The most common microscope (and the first to be invented) is the optical microscope, which uses light to pass through a sample to produce an image. One way is to describe the way the instruments interact with a sample to create images, either by sending a beam of light or electrons to a sample in its optical path, or by scanning across, and a short distance from, the surface of a sample using a probe. There are many types of microscopes, and they may be grouped in different ways. Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope. 14.2.23 Fucus male conceptacle (Figure 14.2.24 Fucus female conceptacle (Figure 14.2.25 PolysiphoniaĪ microscope (from the Ancient Greek: mikrós, “small” and skopeîn, “to look” or “see”) is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.14.2.14 Mixed green algae (Figure 14.2.15 Chlamydomonas (Figure 14.2.16 Pandorina (Figure 14.2.17 Volvox (Figure 14.2.18 Volvox sexual stages (Figure 14.2.19 Spirogyra (Figure 14.2.20 Oedogonium zoospores (Figure 14.2.21 Oedogonium macrandous (Figure 14.2.22 Fucus male and female conceptacle.14.2.12 Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.14.2.1 Amoeba proteus (Figure 14.2.2 Paramecium 4 types of protista (Figure 14.2.3 Paramecium caudatum (Figure 14.2.4 Paramecium in conjugation (Figure 14.2.5 Euglena (Figure 14.2.6 Dinoflagellate (Figure 14.2.7 Ceratium (Figure 14.2.8 Peridinium (Figure 14.2.9 Foraminifera.13.4.7 Oscillatoria (Figure 13.4.8 Nostoc (Figure 13.4.9 Anabaena.13.4.1 Mixed coccus (Gram stain) (Figure 13.4.2 Mixed bacillus (Gram stain) (Figure 13.4.3 Spirillum.12.5 Visualizing the DNA fragments from the restriction digest. 12.4 Loading the DNA samples on the agarose gel and agarose gel electrophoresis.12.3 Setting up the restriction digest reactions.12.2 Preparing a gel for agarose gel electrophoresis.10.2 Preparing an Onion root tip squash.9.3 Determination of the light absorption spectrum of dye solutions.8.4 Effect of pH on enzyme activity (Experiment 4).8.3 Effect of concentration on enzyme activity (Experiment 3).8.2 Effect of temperature on enzyme activity (Experiment 2).8.1 Positive and negative controls (Experiment 1).7.8 Crenation and Hemolysis of Red Blood Cells.7.5 Diffusion Through a Selectively Permeable Membrane.7 Exchange Between Cells and Their Environment.5.7 Test for organic and inorganic compounds (Demonstration).
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